Apparatus for burning oil



May 11 1926.

W. H. PASCOE APPARATUS FOR BURNING OIL Filed June a, 1922 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 FIB-2 INVENTUR WILLIAM H- FASEUE B; f I Kw ATTYS- I|||||| Ill;

May 11,1926. 1,584,471

W. H. PASCOE APPARATUS FOR BURNING OIL Filed June 8, 1922 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTDR WILLIAM H- FAEEEIE ATTYE Patented May 11, 1926.

UNITED STATES WILLIAM a. needs, or cnrcneo, ILLINOIS.

arrana'rus ron BURNING om I Application filed June 8,

The invention pertains to an apparatus for burning oil, which is of the type paiticularly applicable to heating apparatus already in existence and commonly employed for domestic or industrial heating purposes. An

apparatus of this general character is illustrated and described in my prior Patent No. 1,382,223 dated June 21,1921.

The general aim of the present invention is to provide for the more effectual operation and control of the apparatus than has heretofore been possible, .with a resulting in-' crease in its efiiciency.

More specifically stated, one object of the invention is to provide an improved system of automatic control for the apparatus whereby the operation thereof maybe inde pendently governed by a manually opercontrolled switch adjustable in accordance with a desired room temperature; and by the fuel igniting means, so that if for any reason the later, which insures the combustion of the fuel, becomes inoperative the supply of fuel will be cut off.

Another object of the invention is to provide an improved mounting for the mixing and compressing apparatus such that the major portion of the operating parts is enclosed within a housing and thus concealed from view and the apparatus as a whole presents a neat appearance.

.An important object is to produce a means for insuring the complete and eflicient combustion of the fuel; eliminating the escape of oil at the burner; supplying an added quantity of hot fresh air to the mixture upon itsdischarge and to the combustion zone; and reducing the noise incident to the oper ation.

Still another object of-thehnvention is to provide an improved spraying nozzle for the mixture of oil and air which will not become clogged with particles of oil,'carbon and the like, and which will discharge the same in a conical spray for effective combustion. I

A specific object of the invention is the provis1on of an electric fuel-igniting device able switch; by an automatic temperature 1922. Serial No. 568,888.

form, construction and arrangement of the parts, but without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as expressed in 5 the appended claims.

Figure 1 of the drawings is a vertical sectional view of my improved apparatus as applied to a domestic heating plant. Fig. 2 is a front elevation of the upper portion of the fuel supply means and its supporting base, the housing for the apparatus upon the base being shown in section. Fig. 3 is a fragmentary sectional view showing the oil pump and compressor. Fig. 4 is a vertical sectional view on an enlarged scale through the burner head, showing the spray nozzle and fuel igniting device in elevation. Fig. 5 is a fragmentary side elevation illustrating an electromagnetmally actuated means operable upon the disruption of the circuit through the fuel ignition device to stop the apparatus. Fig. 6 is a dia rammatic View illustrating the electric wirlng and connections. Fig. 7 is a sectional view of the spray head or nozzle.

Referring'first to Fig. 1, 12 designates generally a heating plant of any well known character having a heating chamber within which is mounted a bafile plate 13. Upon this plate a mixture of oil and air is sprayed by a nozzle 14, (Figs. 4 and 7) which com municates with an outlet of a rotary compressor 15 which mixes and compresses the air and oil externally of the furnace. Oil is supplied to the compressor by a pipe 16 which communicates with an oil supply tank 17, and air is supplied to the compressor through a pipe 18 (Fig. 2). The compressor is driven by an electric motor 19, and together with the motor is Supported upon a hollow base 20 within which is encloscd a high or line voltage circuit (Fig. 6) in which is interposed the actuating motor 19 and a manual controlling switch 21 therefor. Al-

so within the base 20 and connected with the line voltage circuit is atransformer 22 from which lead conductors to a thermostatic or temperature-controlled switch 23 and an electromagnetically controlled switch 24, the switch 23 being located at a convenient place in the room or chamber to be heated and the switch 24 Within the base.

The heater 12 herein shown for purposes of illustration, is a hot water heater having a central heating chamber surrounded by suitable water chambers. In installing my apparatus in such a plant, I preferably close the bottom thereof by firebrick as shown, air being admitted in a manner hereinafter set forth. The bafile 13 may be of any suitable or preferred form. Herein it is illustrated as in the form of an inclined plate positioned in opposed relation to the nozzle 14. The latter is located within a burnerhead 25 mounted upon the inner face of the furnace door, and receives a mixture of a1r and oil from a pipe 26 leading from the compressor 15. Preferably the nozzle comprises a head 27 (Fig. 7 communicating with the conductor 26 and having a reduced discharge passage 2'7 closed at its outer end except for forwardly and outwardly inclined jet apertures or ports 28. These discharge into an annular chamber 29 formed by the tip 30 of a nipple 31 screw-threaded upon. the. outer end of the head 27. The forward portion of shell 33 inclined inwardly and downwardly and having a rear extension 34 by means of which it is mounted upon the inner face of the furnace door and spaced a sufficient distance within the heating chamber to avoid the direct discharge of fuel upon the walls of the chamber. Within said extension I provide a passageway 35 formed by a tubular member 36 and carried by a radially extending portion or web 37. The pipe 26 is screw-threaded at its forward end into, the outer end of said passage 35. and

thenozzle 14 coIm-nmicates with the-forward or inner end of said passagetln'ough the medium of a nipple 38 which is screwthreaded at one end into the passage and at its other end'in the head 27 of the nozzle.

The shell 33 is separated from its support 34 by a partition 39, and is inclined inwardly and downwardly into the chamber. The partition is also inclined and has a central aperture 40 therein into which the tubular member 36 extends, said aperture being preferably somewhat larger than the external diameter of the tubular member so as to permit the passage of cool air thcrethrough to the nozzle, suitable apertures 40 being provided in the furnace door for this purpose.

A serious objection to prior apparatus of this general character is that particles of oil are drawn from the current or stream of the discharged fuel by the suction created thereby. Such particles lodge upon the inner face of the furnace door, upon the walls of the chamber and upon the nozzle itself, and carbonize, and this obviously interferes with the efiicient operation of the apparatus as wellas produces an unsightly and generally undesirable condition.

Attempts have been made to overcome this difliculty by providing a conical deflector around the nozzzle, flaring outwardly toward its inner or free end, but without success. I have discovered that the provision of the shell 33 encircling the nozzle is entirely efi'ective. Preferably it tapers forwardly so as to restrict the inner end, and immediately forward of the transverse partition 39 it has a plurality of openings 41 through which a quantity of heated air is drawn by the suction created by the discharge of the fuel from the nozzle. In the operation of the apparatus, a quantity of air is drawn into the shell rearwardly of the nozzle and forms an enveloping sleeve or shield of air, encircling the fuel in its discharge. This sleeve, it, will be observed, constitutes a guiding means which serves to direct the fuel to the desired point within the chamber and thus insures the consumption of all of the fuel so that increased efficiency results. I have also found in practice, that by the use of the shell the noise which accompanies the discharge of the mixture, and in prior'apparatuses has proven very annoying, is substantially reduced.

It is desirable that the air thus supplied to the burner head be capable of assisting in supporting combustion. Therefore, I preferably introduce into the heating chamber in the vicinity of the burner head a quantity of fresh air which is heated prior to its discharge. This is accomplished through the medium of a plurality of pipes 42 which are of substantial length and lead from the ashpit, (Fig. 1) upwardly into the heating chamber, the bottom of the latter .being closed by firebrick as above stated. The volume of air thus admitted may be controlled by the draft door 43 in the usual way. It

Ian

will be apparent that by reason of the length of the pipes 42 and the fact that they pass directly through the heating chamber, the air prior to its discharge becomes heated, and thus when mixed with the fuel discharged from the burner head facilitates combustion.

Certain of the pipes 42 upon the side of the chamber opposite the burner head may be extended upwardly above the burner head so as to supply heated fresh air to the upper portion 6f the chamber, it being a well established fact that when oxygen is supplied to the hot unconsumed gases in a furnace chamber, the same will ignite and hence be consumed. Thus the efficiency of the apparatus is further increased. a

The fuel discharged from the nozzle 14 consists of a mixture of oil and air delivered under pressure to the furnace chamher. The means which I prefer to employ for this purpose comprises simply the compressor-pump 15 which withdraws the. oil from the supply tank 17 through the pipe 16 and also a quantity of air drawn through the pipe 18. In prior apparatus it has been deemed necessary to employin addition to the compressor a pump, but I have discovered that the compressor is capable of acting alone to accomplish the desired result. It comprises an annular casing 44 having an inlet passage 45 and an outlet passage 46 connnunicating with the pipe 26. A rotor 47 is mounted eccentrically within the casing and has radially slidingblades 48. The inlet is connected by means of a passage 49 with a T-fitting 50 with which the pipes 16 and 18 communicate. The pipe 16 has a valve 51 therein serving to regulate the quantity of oil drawn by the compressor from the supply tank; and the pipe 18 has a valve 52 therein for controlling the volume of air admitted to the compressor. Said pipe 18 communicates at its forward end with the air chamber surrounding the motor 19 and formed by means of .a removable hood 20 upon the base 20, and thus by exhausting the warm air from around the motor tends to avoid overheating the same. The pipe 16 in turn communicates with the oil supply tank 17 which is preferably located beneath the surface of the floor. The rotor 47 of the compressor is fast upon a shaft 53 coupled in a suitable way with the motor shaft 54. Hence upon the continuous operation of the motor depends the operation of the apparatus.

The base 20 may be of any preferred construction but preferably it is made hollow to form a housing for the majorportion of the operating parts, including especially the electric supply and 'control system for compactness and safety. In one side wall of the housing there is provided a door 55 through which convenient access may be had into the housing, The hood 20 serves to enclose the motor and compressor while the piping system is enclosed within the upper portion of the housing proper (Fig. 2).

Prior apparatus of this general character have employed as a means for igniting the fuel, a gas pilot light. This device has been the source of corisiderableirouble owing to the fact that it is frequently extinguished by the force of the fuel in its discharge. The result is that the fuel is discharged into the furnace in an unignited condition, and unless the apparatus is immediately brought to a stop considerable damage may be done. Moreover, the inconvenience of having frequently to re-light the flame and restore the apparatus to operation is the source of considerable annoyance. To avoid these difficulties I employ an electric ignition device or pilot light which has proven 1n practice to be much superior to the gas pilot light because of its dependability; and in addition I provide as an extra precaw tion a means for rendering the apparatus immediately inoperative should the ignition device fail to perform. This ignition device consists simply of an electric resistance coil 56 (Fig. 4) embedded or mounted in any suitable way on a base 57, of porcelain or other suitable material, which is carried by the burner head 25 in such a position as to lie within the path of the fuel discharged from the nozzle 14. Current is supplied at line voltage tothe resistance coil 56 by means of conductors 58 which are connected in the electric circuit in a manner to .be presently described.

Referring now to Fig, 6, current is supplied to the motor 19 at line voltage by conductors 59, and under the control of a main switch. The main switch in the present construction has three contacts, two contacts designated 60 for the motor circuit and one designated 60 for the control circuit, thus forming in reality two switches 60 and 60", one a motor switch and the other a control switch simultaneously operative as a unit. The switch 60 is normally open and arranged to be closed by an electromagnet 6.1 which is placed together with the switch devices 23 and 24 in a low voltage circuit formed by conductors 62 and 62 leading to and from the transformer 22. The primary winding of the transformer is connected in the main circuit at line voltage at 63 and 64.

The switch 23 is a thermostatic or temperature-controlled switch located at a con' venient placewithin a. room to be heated. It is of any suitable character adapted when the temperature falls below a predetermined minimum to close the circuit through conductors 65 and 66 connected into the low voltage circuit at the control switch irrespective of the position of the latter; and when the temperature rises to a predetermined ,maximum, to close a circuit formed by conductors and 67 connected in the low voltage circuit so as to cut off the magnet 61. In the former instance the magnet is energized so as to actuate the main switch 60 closing the circuit with the motor, and in the latter instance the magnet is de-energized resulting in an opening of the main switch to stop the motor.

After having started the motor, by closing the motor switch 60 and control switch 60*, the circuit at the thermostat may be broken by separation of the contacts as the room heats up. It has been stated that the switch- 60 by construction operates simultaneously with the switch 60 so that on ini-- tial operation of the electromagnet 61 the circuit through the electromagnet 61 is maintained through switch 60 in spite of the fact that the circuit may be broken at the thermostat. During operation of the thermostat at starting, the magnet 61 is connected tothe transformer 22 at one side by the wire 62 and at the other side by the wire 74, switch 24, wire 7 5 and the wire 65, thermostat 23 and wires 66 and 62, thus closing the switches 60 and 60". The control contact 60 in said switch short circuits the wires 65, 66 at the switch by connecting the wire 62 to the wire 7 5, This condition continues until the heat of the room closes the circuit of wires 65 and 67 at the r thermostat 23. This short circuits the magnet 61 and in the present instance also the low voltage line of the transformer 22. The short circuiting, however, is only momentary because the deenergization of the magnet caused by the short circuit immediately opens the control' contact switch 60 and breaks the short circuiting connection at switch 60 The switch 24: is controlled by the resistance element 56-of the igniting device. The conductors 58 leading to and from the latter are connected in the main circuit at 68 and 69 and interposed in this circuit is a coil 70 of an electromagneL A second coil 71 is also provided for thismagnet'but is wound in a direction opposite the coil 70 and is connected into the circuit formed by the conductors 58. These coils 70 .and 71 therefore act against each other, and the force of the pull in each direction is made the same so that normally the magnet is inoperative. When, however, the coil 7 0 becomes deenergized by reason of the ,failure of the current to pass through the resistance element 56, it will be apparent that the coil 71 will become operative and actuate the switch 24:. If desired. a resistance element71 may be placed in series with the coil 71 to prevent it from overheating.

Referring to Fig. 5, the switch 24 which upon-the magnet 61 of the main switch being energized, the opening of the low voltage circuit either by the thermostatic switch 23 or the switch 24 of the ignition device serves to bring the apparatus to rest. In the case of the switch 23, the apparatus is automatically restored to operation when the temperature falls to the predetermined point, but in the case of the switch 24:, the resistance coil 56 which constitutes the controlling element,'mustfirst be repaired and the switch restored manually to its operative position before the apparatus can again be set in operation. This is necessary for the reason that if. the. switch should close automatically after the motor had been brought to rest, the automatic switch 23 would operate to restart the motor and the previous action would again take place at the switch 24.

Preferably the electric supply and control system is enclosed within. a suitable casing 76 mounted within the housing provided by the base 20, with the exception only of the conductors leading into the homing from themain line, which maybe suitably low voltage conductors leadingto the thermostatically controlled switch 23 and the conductors leading to the resistance element 56 of the ignition device. The latter may be enclosed within a suitable conduit 77.

I believe that I am the firstto have produced an electric ignition device for apparatuses of this character, thus materially increasing its dependability and hence its value. Also, the means provided for preventing the escapeof particles of oil from the fuel stream I believe to be novel and of substantial importance in view of the increased efliciency of the apparatus due to the complete consumption of the fuel and the elimination of leakage thereof. The automatic control system insures against injury to the-parts and to the heating apparatus and build-ing in which it may be J motor, current-carrying means for igniting the fuel as it is discharged, and an electro magnetically actuated switch for the motor circuit, a control circuit for actuating said switch, said circuit-containing an electromagnet connected in series Withthe current carrying ignition means, and switch means arranged on breaking of the current through said electromagnet and ignition means to shut ofi' the motor current, and compensation means associated with said switch means to prevent the operation of said switch means when both the motor current and the ignition current are shut ofi together for stopping the apparatus.

2. In an oil'burning apparatus, the combination of a heating chamber, means for discharging a spray of liquid fuel into said chamber, said means including an electric motor, means for igniting the fuel as it is discharged, including an electric resistance element, a switch for the motor circuit arranged to be actuated to open the circuit when the flow of current through said element ceases, means in the ignition circuit to actuate said switch and compensating means associated with the means in the ignition circuit to prevent the same from opening said switch when both ignition element current and motor current cease.

3. In combination, two electrically operated devices simultaneously operable to ellect feeding of and combustion of fuel, an electric, switch arranged when in one position to permit operation of two said devices and when in the other position to prevent operation of said two devices, and,means controlling the position of said switch, said means including two electromagnets, one being in series with one of said two devices and both electromagnets receiving current simultaneously with the other device, said two electromagnets being arranged each to make the other inefiective to change the position of said switch during simultaneous operation of said two devices and effective to shut oil the two devices upon a break in the circuit of one of said magnets.

4. In combination, an electric motor to supply fuel to a burner, an ignition device arranged to be continuously operative during the operation of the burner, an electric switch arranged when in one position to ermit operat1on of said motor and ignition evice, and when in the other position to prevent such operation, and means controling the position of said switch including two electromagnets, one being in series with the igniter and the other being in parallel with the motor, said two magnets being arranged so that each makes the other inefi'Tective to change the position of the switch during operation of the motor and ignition 3 device, and efl'ective to shut oi the motor circuit by a break in the ignition circuit.

5. In combination, an electric motor to supply fuel to a burner, an ignition device arranged to be continuously operative during the operation of the motor, an electric switch arranged when closed to permit oporation of said motor and ignition device, and when open to prevent such operation, and means to open said switch including two electromagnets, one being in series with the igniter and the other being in parallel with the motor, said two magnets being arranged so that each makes the other inefi'ective to open the switch during operation of the motor and ignition device, and effective to open the switch upon a break in the ignition circu1t.

6. The combinationwith means including a motor for discharging a fuel into a furnace chamber or the like, of an electric ignition device including a resistance element, and means for cutting oflt' the supply of fuel operable when the ignition device becomes inoperative during running of the motor comprising a normally closed switch and a pair of opposed electromagnetic coils each coil tending to actuate the switch whereby they neutralize each other and fail to actuate the switch, one of said coils being in series with the resistance element of the ignition device, and the other being in parallel with the motor.

7. In an apparatus of the character described, the combination of a switch, a movable armature associated with said switch, an electromagnet for controlling the switch through said armature, said magnet comprising a fixed core and a air of coils normally acting simultaneous y and in opposite directions and of. substantially equal strength whereby to be magnetically ineffective, and a controlling element in circuit with one of said coils.

8. In an apparatus of the character described, the combination of an electric mo- =tor, a normally closed switch for controlling the supply of current to said motor, and means for actuating said switch to cut olf the supply of current, including a second switch, and an electromagnet for actuating the second switch having a pair of opposed coils and a controlling element in circuit with one of said coils.

9. In an apparatus of the character described, the combination with a main motor circuit having a switch therein, a controlling circuit having an electromagnet therein for actuating said switch normally tomaintainthe motor circuit closed, a switch in the controlling circuit, and electromagnetic means for actuating the last mentioned switch to o n the controlling circuit including a pair 0 opposed coils one of which is operable to open the circuit when the other is rendered inoperative.

10. In an apparatus of, the character de- I scribed, the combination of a main motor circuit, a switch in said circuit, a controlling circuit having an electroinagnet therein for actuating said switch, an ignition device including an electric resistance coil, a second switch interposed in the controlling circuit, and electromagnetic means for controlling the last mentioned switch including a pair of opposed coils, one of which is in series with said resistance element. 10

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto aflixed my signature.

WILLIAM H. PASOOE. 

